The Cleveland Museum of Art (spacer)
Special Exhibitions
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Picasso: The Artist's Studio
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Picasso: The Artist's Studio

Understanding Picasso Through Conservation (UPTC)

Methods of Scientific Examination


Secondary electron image
Secondary electron image

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The scanning electron microscope, or SEM, is unsurpassed at generating a highly magnified, three-dimensional examination of a material's surface features. This technique provides information about the surface topography and composition of paint samples. It produces an image through a specialized microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a sample. The electrons interact with the sample in several ways, including absorption, emission, and reflection. Because the object is viewed in a beam of electrons rather than light, it appears in shades of gray, like a black and white television image. The information generated is detected and then displayed on a monitor. It is then recorded on photographic film or collected by computer. The computer display can be directly printed, plotted, or photographed. With the use of additional detectors, a scanning electron microscope can also provide information about the composition of elements in the sample and their distribution on the surface of the sample.

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