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The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge

等覺位十地菩薩

1454

Part of a set. See all set records

China, Ming dynasty

(1368–1644)

Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk

Painting: 140.8 x 79.3 cm (55 7/16 x 31 1/4 in.); Overall with knobs: 227.8 x 120 cm (89 11/16 x 47 1/4 in.)

John L. Severance Fund 1973.70.1

Location

not on view

Description

This painting represents bodhisattvas of the ten stages of enlightenment undergoing the final processes toward Buddhahood. This and the scroll nearby form part of a set of scrolls that were used to perform the Water-Land (shuilu) ritual. The sinuous curves of scarf and drapery, the layering of garments, and the minute detail all reflect the opulent visual atmosphere that surrounded the Ming worshipper in temples and spirit halls throughout the country.

In the upper right corner of each painting is an imperial seal and an inscription in gold reading: Donated on the third day of the eighth month in the fifth year of the Jingtai reign (1454) of the Great Ming. Written in ink in the lower left corner is the record that they were made on imperial order, probably to present them to the Da Longfu monastery in Beijing.

Inscriptions

Inscription

大明景泰五年八月初三日施 [印] 廣運之寳

Inscription Translation

Upper right corner: Offered on the third day of the eighth month, the fifth year of Jingtai (1454) of the Great Ming Dynasty. [seal] Guang yun zhi bao (The Treasure of Grand Destiny).

Inscription

御用監太監尚義王勤等奉命提督監造

Inscription Translation

Lower left corner: Under the Imperial Command, Shang Yi and Wang Qin, Senior Eunuchs in the Directorate Accouterments, supervised the production.

Inscription

等覺位十地菩薩

Inscription Translation

Right edge: The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge

Provenance

1450–1456

Ming imperial collection [Jingtai era, 1450–1456]

?-1973

(Shunichi Yabumoto Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)

1973-

The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH

Citations

“The Year in Review for 1973.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 61, no. 2, 1974, pp. 31–79. Mentioned: no. 200, p. 79; Reproduced; p. 67 www.jstor.org

Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980. Reproduced: cat. no. 131a, pp. 153-154

Suzuki, Kei 鈴木敬. Chugoku kaiga shi [中國繪畫史 = A History of Chinese Painting]. Tōkyō: Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1981. Reproduced: p. 4, no. 5a

Suzuki, Kei 鈴木敬. Chūgoku kaiga sōgō zuroku [中國繪畫總合圖錄 = Comprehensive Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Paintings], 第 1卷. アメリカ·カナダ篇 [= vol. 1 American and Canadian collections]. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982. Reproduced: no. A22-012, p. 1-260

Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. Reproduced: p. 61

Barnhart, Richard M., Mary Ann Rogers, and Richard Stanley-Baker. Painters of the Great Ming: The Imperial Court and the Zhe School. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993.

Tōkyō Daigaku 東京大学. Kaigai shozai Chūgoku kaiga mokuroku [海外所在中国絵画目錄. アメリカカナダ編 = Catalogue of Chinese paintings in foreign collections: America and Canada]. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Tōyō Bunka Kenkyūjo Fuzoku Tōyōgaku Bunken Sentā, 1994. p. 63

Weidner, Marsha Smith, and Patricia Ann Berger. Latter Days of the Law: Images of Chinese Buddhism, 850-1850. Lawrence, KS: Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1994. Reproduced: cat. no. 25, p. 284

Weidner, Marsha, "Two Ming Ritual Scrolls as Harbingers of New Directions in the Study of Chinese Painting," Orientations (Jan/Feb. 2005), vol. 36, no. 1, p. 64 Reproduced: p. 64

Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015. Reproduced: pp. 211-217

Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015. p. 214

Giuffrida, Noelle. Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018. Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 86

Kungnip Chungang Pangmulgwan (Korea). Chosŏn ŭi sŭngnyŏ changin = Monk artisans of the Joseon dynasty: buddhist sculptures and paintings. 서울: 국립 중앙 박물관, 2021. Mentioned and reproduced: P. 70-73

Exhibition history

Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 3, 1982-February 28, 1983).

Latter Days of the Law: Images of Chinese Buddhism 850-1850. Spencer Museum of Art (August 9-October 31, 1994); Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (November 30, 1994-January 29, 1995).

Taming Tigers and Releasing Dragons: Masterpieces of Chinese Buddhist Art – Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 8-August 11, 2019).

Monk Artisans of the Joseon Dynasty. National Museum of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (December 6, 2021-March 6, 2022).

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{{cite web|title=The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge|url=https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.70.1|year=1454|access-date=28 November 2023|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}

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The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge

The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge

等覺位十地菩薩

China, Ming dynasty

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