The Cleveland Museum of Art
Collection Online as of December 18, 2025
Seated Jina Rishabha Enshrined, from a Jain Manuscript: Kalpa-Sutra
c. 1500
Paper: 11.1 x 25.9 cm (4 3/8 x 10 3/16 in.)
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William E. Ward 1983.1047
Location: Not on view
Description
By the 1400s, paper had replaced palm leaves as the primary support for Jain manuscripts. Although binding strings were no longer passed through holes in the manuscript, since they would tear the paper, the location of the holes was maintained by means of ornamented gold lozenges. Followers of Jainism commissioned copies of sacred manuscripts in order to accrue spiritual merit for themselves and their families; adorning the manuscript with paintings increased the merit.The main figure, painted in gold, sits in eternal meditative bliss, bejeweled to denote his success in reaching liberation. His long hair and the tiny, white bull beneath his crossed ankles identify him as Rishabha.
- ?–1983William E. Ward [1922–2004] and Ellen Svec Ward [1921–1989], Solon, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art1983–The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH
- Krishna and the Path of Grace – Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 14, 2020-March 7, 2021).Sacred India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1985-January 12, 1986).
- {{cite web|title=Seated Jina Rishabha Enshrined, from a Jain Manuscript: Kalpa-Sutra|url=false|author=|year=c. 1500|access-date=18 December 2025|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}
Source URL:
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1983.1047