The siege of Arbela in the era of Hulagu Khan, from a Chingiz-nama (Book of Chingiz Khan) of the Jami al-tavarikh (Compendium of Chronicles) of Rashid al-Din (Persian, 1247–1318)

c. 1596

and Sur Das Gujarati

(Indian, active 16th century)

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Culture

Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605)

Medium

Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper

Measurements

Image: 34 x 20 cm (13 3/8 x 7 7/8 in.); Overall: 38.5 x 25 cm (15 3/16 x 9 13/16 in.); with mat: 49 x 36.3 cm (19 5/16 x 14 5/16 in.)

Credit Line

Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1947.502

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Location

Not on view

Did You Know?

The lord of the citadel in blue is negotiating its surrender to the Mongol general, who rides the white horse in the lower right.

Description

A Mongol conqueror riding a white horse gazes stonily at his defeated West Asian opponent in a scene that took place more than 300 years before this painting was made. By the end of the 1500s there was a new emphasis on creating paintings to accompany historical texts. Visually, the diagonal composition with cityscape at the top of the page—also found among the earliest Mughal paintings—was expanded to include throngs of participants and a startling new naturalism. Painting from the Akbar period reached its maturity by the 1590s in works such as this: dynamic in composition and gestures but contained within organized spaces and emphasized three-dimensionality.