Engaged Capital with Birds and Dragons

late 1100s

Western France, Bordelais or Dordogne, late 12th Century

Medium

limestone

Measurements

Overall: 28 x 26.1 x 20.7 cm (11 x 10 1/4 x 8 1/8 in.)

Credit Line

Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1916.1985

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Location

Not on view

Description

Monstrous images were prevalent in the decoration of religious buildings during the Middle Ages. Such images must have impressed, perhaps even terrified, the monks and visitors who spent much of their time within the cloister or church, a place of prayer, contemplation, and reflection. Scholars have speculated how such images would have been received by the people given the ubiquity of monsters in medieval society. The carved monsters, often symbolizing vice and retribution for sin, were possibly designed to provoke a range of emotional responses including laughter, wonder, surprise, fear, and shock. This striking imagery must have had a strong impact, which in turn led Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), the spiritual head of the Cistercian order, to admonish their use as distracting from prayer.