Saint Nicholas of Bari

1472

Carlo Crivelli

(Italian, 1430/35–1495)

Culture

Italy, Venice

Medium

Tempera and gold leaf on wood panel

Measurements

Framed: 109 x 41 x 6 cm (42 15/16 x 16 1/8 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 96.2 x 32 cm (37 7/8 x 12 5/8 in.)

Credit Line

Gift of the Hanna Fund 1952.111

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Location

117A Italian Renaissance

Description

Saint Nicolas of Bari, patron saint of children, sailors, and travelers, and the prototype of Father Christmas, was bishop of Myra (Lycia) in Asia Minor during the AD 300s. His remains were said to have been taken to Bari in Italy during the 11th century. The saint is shown vested as bishop in an elaborately embroidered cope, fastened with a morse, and holding a crosier.

By the mid-1400s, most Florentine artists had stopped using gold backgrounds in their pictures, preferring instead naturalistic backgrounds of landscapes and blue skies. However, elsewhere in Italy gold-ground painting remained popular, as in this painting by Crivelli, a a painter of conservative Late Gothic decorative sensibility, who spent his early years in the Veneto where he absorbed influences from the Vivarini, Squarcione, and Mantegna. By 1458 he left the Veneto and was never to return; he spent most of the remainder of his career in the March of Ancona, where he developed a distinctive personal style that makes a contrast to his Venetian contemporary Giovanni Bellini.