Iconographical Sketch (Zuzō) for the "Benevolent Kings Sutra Mandala"

仁王経曼荼羅図像

1100s

Japan, Heian period

(794–1185)

Medium

Hanging scroll; ink on paper

Measurements

Image: 122.2 x 112.2 cm (48 1/8 x 44 3/16 in.); Mounted: 203.4 x 130.7 cm (80 1/16 x 51 7/16 in.)

Credit Line

Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund 1987.39

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Location

235A Japanese

Did You Know?

The deity at the center is Fudō Myōō, the Immovable One.

Description

The Benevolent Kings Sutra has been a highly valued Buddhist scripture in Japan since the Nara period (710–794), when it started to be recited in a ceremony to pray for the peace and protection of the country. In the 800s, the monk Kūkai brought back from China a new translation of the text as well as Buddhist iconographic sketches to perform the rituals based on the sutra. Five scroll sets of copies of the original sketches brought by Kūkai are preserved in Daigoji and Tōji temples in Kyoto. This sketch, which has figural depictions of deities on the front and deities symbolized by objects on the back, differs in some ways from each of those sets, and represents an alternate approach to creating a mandala based on the Benevolent Kings Sutra.