Arthur Radclyffe Dugmore American, 1870-? Arthur Dugmore, who lived in Newfoundland, New Jersey, exhibited at the Royal Photographic Society in London in the early 1900s and with the Camera Club of New York. His photographs of nature subjects were also represented in the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland (1905), curated by Alfred Stieglitz, and in the January 1903 and January 1907 issues of Camera Work. T.W.F.

F. Benedict Herzog American, about 1859-1912 Felix Benedict Herzog, a patent attorney, inventor, and pictorial photographer known for his elaborate, multifigure images, was born in New York City. An 1881 graduate of Columbia University, Herzog invented many electrical devices, telephone accessories, and improvements for telephone switchboards, including a police call system. Notices of his activity as a photographer appear in the years following 1900. In 1904 he joined the Camera Club of New York and in 1905, 1908, and 1910 took part in members exhibitions there. Five of Herzog's images were reproduced in Camera Work in October 1905 and January 1907. In 1905 his photographs also were displayed at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland as well as in two international exhibitions. Two years later his work was discussed in The Century Magazine (May 1907) and Wilson's Photographic Magazine (December 1907). Noted for his great skill in handling drapery and posing groups of models, Herzog maintained a studio on upper Broadway where he created idealized compositions such as The Tale of Isolde, The Banks of Lethe, and Two Maids of St. Ives. Working in what critic Christian Brinton called the "grand style," Herzog often drew upon literature for his subject matter and sometimes combined negatives to achieve the desired effect in the final print. M.M.

Harry Rubincam American, 1871-1940 Although Harry Cogswell Rubincam worked as a grocer, was elected president of a small oil drilling company, and tried his hand at ranching, he worked principally in the insurance business. Originally from Philadelphia, he lived in New York and later moved to Denver after contracting tuberculosis. A serious amateur, Rubincam became interested in photography in the early 1890s, receiving instruction from a retired professional photographer. He wrote frequently on the medium, including articles for Camera Work, and his work was widely shown in the first decade of the 20th century in the United States and Europe, including exhibitions in London, St. Petersburg, and The Hague. Rubincam is best known for his circus series. These images of motion, produced in 1902, are characterized by an intensity that has drawn admirers for nearly a century. Rubincam became an associate of the Photo-Secession in 1903. T.W.F.

Joseph T. Keiley American, 1869-1914 Joseph Turner Keiley, a partner in the Manhattan law firm of Keiley and Haviland, was an amateur photographer and close associate of Alfred Stieglitz. Born in Maryland and raised in Brooklyn, Keiley took up photography in the mid-1880s and began exhibiting his work in 1898. The following year he joined the New York Camera Club, soon becoming one of its most active members. He served on the prints and the publications committees, and also as an associate editor of the club's journal, Camera Notes, developing a close friendship with editor Alfred Stieglitz. Keiley contributed numerous articles and reviews to Camera Notes and later joined Stieglitz's new publication, Camera Work, as an associate editor. During the first decade of the 20th century, Keiley participated in many exhibitions and became a founding member of the Photo-Secession. He also experimented with glycerine-developed platinum prints, collaborating with Stieglitz to perfect a process that allowed photographers better control in the development of a platinum print. Their method involved coating an exposed print with a layer of glycerine and then selectively painting the image with a brush dipped in developer to bring out certain areas. Keiley used this technique frequently in his work until his early death from Bright's disease. M.M.