c. 1856, printed 1862
(French, 1806–1875)
(French, 1825–1903)
Albumen print from glass plate negative
Image: 16.2 x 11.9 cm (6 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); Paper: 23.5 x 17.9 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.); Mounted: 41.2 x 27.4 cm (16 1/4 x 10 13/16 in.)
Severance and Greta Millikin Trust 2018.8
Duchenne, a neurologist at a hospital for the poor in Paris, turned to photography to record the grammar of human expression.
Duchenne embarked on the first scientific, systematic exploration of the physiology of human facial expression and hoped, through photographs of his experiments, to teach artists how to portray those emotions. The experiments were performed by applying electrical stimulation to a single muscle on one side of the face, so that the viewer could clearly see the impact of the muscular contraction.
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