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Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)

c. 1495

Tilman Riemenschneider

(German, active Würzburg, c. 1460–1531)

Germany, Würzburg, late 15th Century

Alabaster, traces of polychromy

Overall: 37.8 x 28.1 x 15.9 cm (14 7/8 x 11 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.)

Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1946.82

Location

111 German and Austrian Gothic

Did you know?

In the story Saint Jerome encounters a fearsome lion, here depicted as diminutive, gentle, and submissive.

Description

According to legend, Saint Jerome (347–420 bce) lived in the desert, where he removed a thorn from an injured lion. Jerome is venerated in the Catholic Church as a Church Father, an important early author of Christianity. Here, he wears cardinal’s clothing from around 1500.

Tilman Riemenschneider focused on Jerome’s relationship with the lion, creating empathy for the wounded animal. The delicacy of the depiction, which may have been partially painted to add highlights, is typical of alabaster, as is its fine polishing. The cord of the cardinal’s hat, missing today, may have been supplemented from another material.

Provenance

Private Collection, Paris

?-1913

Aynard Collection, Lyons

Harry Fuld, Frankfurt am Main

?-1946

(Rosenberg & Steibel, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)

1946-

The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH

Citations

Generalversammlung der Katholiken Deutschlands. . Katalog der Ausstellung für christliche Kunst: im ehem. Kurfürstl. Schlosse, 20. August - 4. September. 1892.

Lelong, C. Catalogue des objets d'art et de haute curiosité, de l'antiquité, du Moyen-Age et de la Renaissance ..., ivories, émaux, tapisseries, tableaux ..., dépendant des collections de Mme C. Lelong 8, 9 et 10 décembre 1902. 1902. no. 147

Hessen-Kunst (1909). p. 29

Adelmann, C. "Til Riemenschneider," Walhalla VI (1910). p. 108

Collection Aynard Lyon, Sale cat. Georges Petit (1913). no. 278

Kunstblatt, II (1918). p. 85

Meisterwerke Der Bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter Privatbesitz. Band 1. Deutsche Und Franzs̲ische Plastik Des Mittelalters. Frankfurt and Main: Frankfurter Kunstverein, 1921. no. 143

Swarzenski, George. "Deutsche Alabasterplastik des 15 Jahfhunderts," Städel-Jahrbuch I (1921). p. 169

Schrade, Hubert. Tilman Riemenschneider. Heidelberg: Hain, 1927. no. 278

Provinzialmuseum Hannover, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Riemenschneider Gedächtnis-Ausstellung 1931 des Museums für Kunst und Landesgeschichte im Provinzial-Museum Hannover. Verzeichnis der ausgestellten Werke Riemenschneiders und seiner Schule. 1931. Cat. No. 10a, p. 16.

Justus Bier, " Riemenschneider - Ausstellung im Gedächtnisjahr" Pantheon VIII (1931). p. 451

Bier, Justus. Thieme-Becker, Allegemeine Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler (Leipzig, 1934). XXVIII, p. 334

Schmitt, Otto. Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte I. Band, I. Band. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1937. pp. 310, 322, fig. 18

Habicht, Victor Curt. T. Riemenschneiders Lehr- und Wanderjahre. Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch Für Landesgeschichte ; 14.1937. 1937. r, pl. II, fig. 3

Bier, Justus. Tilmann Riemenschneider. Wien: Schroll, 1937. p. 27, pl. 54

Ring, Grete. "St. Jerome Extracting the Thorn from the Lion's Foot." The Art Bulletin 27, no. 3 (1945) p. 188, fig. 5 www.jstor.org

Milliken, William M. ""St. Jerome and the Lion" by Tilmann Riemenschneider." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art33, no. 10 (1946) pp. 182-3 www.jstor.org

Pope-Hennessy, John. "Recent Research." The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 89, no. 531 (1947) p. 165 www.jstor.org

Bier, Justus. Tilmann Riemenschneider; ein Gedenkbuch. Wien: A. Schroll, 1948. p. 32, pl. 56

Masterpieces of Sculpture: November 1-December 11, 1949, Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1949. cat. no. 25, p. 158, repr. p. 153

Minneapolis Institute of Art Bulletin XXXVII, no. 29 (Nov. 5, 1949). p. 153

Bier, Justus. "Riemenschneider's St. Jerome and His Other Works in Alabaster." The Art Bulletin 33, no. 4 (1951) pp. 226-234, fig. 1-4 www.jstor.org

Bier, Justus. "Riemenschneider und die Schaumüngen des Lorenz von Bibra" Munchen Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst 7, no. 3 (1956). p. 100, fig. 19

The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 188 archive.org

Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958. p. 32

Wixom, William D., and Henry S. Francis. Two Lindenwood Sculptures by Tilmann Riemanschneider ; 'The Stag Hunt', Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1959. fig. 38

North Carolina Museum of Art. Sculptures of Tilmann Riemenschneider: North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, October 6-November 11, 1962. [Raleigh, N.C.]: [North Carolina Museum of Art], 1962. Cat. No. III, repr. p. 27, 28, 29

Werner, Alfred. "Riemenschneider and the Gothic Genius" Arts Magazine (October 1962). pp. 41-42

"Exhibition Review" Emporium Rivista Mensile d'arte e di cultura (March 1963). pp. 137-8

"Mostre Museu Gallerie" Sele Arte (March-April, 1963). no. 93, p. 59

The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. Reproduced: p. 77 archive.org

The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. Reproduced: p. 77 archive.org

Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson. The World Museums Guide, Edited by Barbara Cooper & Maureen Matheson. London: Threshold Books Ltd, 1973. p. 78

The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. Reproduced: p. 87 archive.org

Ley, Max, and Konrad Zwingmann. Tilman Riemenschneider: fruhe Werke : Ausstellung im Mainfrankischen Museum Wurzburg. Regensburg: F. Puster, 1981. Cat. No. 57, p. 263-266

Cleveland Museum of Art, "Tilmann Riemenschneider -- The Early Work," October 7, 1981, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives. archive.org

Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Tilmann Riemenschneider/; His Life and Work. Lexington, KY.: Univ. Pr. of Kentucky, 1982. p. 97, fig. 6

Krohm, Hartmut. Zum Frühwerk Tilman Riemenschneiders: eine Dokumentation. Berlin: Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Skulpturengalerie, 1982. p. 97 fig. 6

Sello, Gottfried, and Toni Schneiders. Tilman Riemenschneider. Munchen: Lexikographische Institut Munchen, 1983. p. 53

Keblowski, Janusz "Tylmana Riemenschneidera dziela wczesne (na marginesie wystawy w Würzburgu)" Biuletyn Historii Sztuki XLV, no. 2 (1983). p. 199

Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Tilman Riemenschneider - Werkstattleiter in Würzburg: Beiträge zur Organisation einer Bildschnitzer- und Steinbildhauerwerkstatt im ausgehenden Mittelalter. Ammersbek bei Hamburg: Verl. an der Lottbek Jensen, 1990.

Roberta Hubbard, "Martin's Mill" CWRU: The Magazine of Case Western Reserve University 5, no.1 (November 1992). p. 38

Riemenschneider, Tilman, Julien Chapuis, and Michael Baxandall. Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages. 1999. Cat. no. 11.

Marks, Richard "Exhibition Reviews", The Burlington Magazine (July 2000). p. 470

Hayum, Andree "A Devotion to Carving: The Art of Tilmann Riemenschneider" Art in America (July 2000). p. 90

Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris. Tilman Riemenschneider und seine Werkstatt: mit einem Katalog der allgemein als Arbeiten Riemenschneiders und seiner Werkstatt akzeptierten Werke. Königstein im Taunus: Langewiesche, 2001. p. 43, no. 48 p. 46, no. 51.

Muth, Hanswernfried, Tilman Riemenschneider, and Toni Schneiders. Tilman Riemenschneider: Bildschnitzer zu Würzburg. Würzburg: Echter, 2004. pp. 30-31

Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007. Cat. no. 90, p. 242

Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. München: Hirmer, 2007. p. 263, no. 94

Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis. Van Eyck to Dürer: Early Netherlandish Painting & Central Europe 1430-1530. Tielt: Lannoo, 2010. p. 415, fig. 229

Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis. Van Eyck to Dürer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430-1530. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. p. 415, Cat. 229

Borchert, Till, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Tilman Riemenschneider: The Annunciation : a New Addition to the Corpus of Works in Alabaster. London: Daniel Katz Ltd, 2012. o. 25, fig. 10

Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012. p. 45, fig. 36

Williamson, Paul. The Wyvern Collection: Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture and Metalwork. London: Thames & Hudson, 2018. CMA Mention: p. 232

Woods, Kim. Cut in Alabaster: A Material of Sculpture and Its European Traditions 1330-1530. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, an imprint of Brepols Publishers, 2018. Mentioned & Reproduced: pp. 42-42, fig. 18

Fukuda, Midori. Shin inori no chōkoku rīmenshunaidā to dōjidai no sakkatachi. Tōkyō: Maruzenpuranetto, 2018. Reproduced & Mentioned: pp. 80-85, fig. 25

Lutz, Gerhard. “Late Medieval Alabaster Sculpture: A new look at Tilman Riemenschneider's Jerome.” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 63, no. 1 (2023): 10-11. Reproduced: P. 11; Mentioned: P. 10.

Exhibition history

Ausstellung für christliche Kunst, Schloss, Mainz, Germany (August 20 - September 4, 1892).

Meisterwerke der Bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter Privatbesitz, Deutsche und Franzosische Okastik des Mittelalters, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany (1921).

Riemenschneider Gedächtnis-Ausstellung 1931 des Museum für Kunst und Landesgeschichte im Provinzial, Hannover, Germany (1931).

Masterpieces of Sculpture, Minneapolis Institute of Arts (November 1-December 11, 1949).

Classical, Medieval, Renaissance and Modern Sculpture, Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (January 6-31, 1950).

Sculptures of Tilman Riemenschneider, North Carolina Museum, Raleigh, North Carolina (October 6 - November 11, 1962).

Tilman Riemenschneider, Mainfrankisches Museum Wurzburg, Germany (September 1-November 1, 1981).

Art and Humanism in the Renaissance. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).

Work of Tilman Riemenschneider. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (October 6-November 11, 1962).

Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).

Tilman Riemenschneider - Frühe Werke (Tilman Riemenschneider - Early Works). Mainfrankisches Museum, Wurzburg, Germany (organizer) (September 4-November 1, 1981).

Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).

Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 3, 1999-January 9, 2000); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-May 14, 2000).

Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).

From Van Eyck to Dürer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea, Brugge, Belgium (October 28, 2010-January 30, 2011).

Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque. M Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (organizer) (October 14, 2022-February 26, 2023) https://www.mleuven.be/programma/albast.

Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).

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{{cite web|title=Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)|url=https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.82|author=Tilman Riemenschneider|year=c. 1495|access-date=30 November 2023|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}

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Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)

Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)

Tilman Riemenschneider

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