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Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)

c. 1404

Part of a set. See all set records

Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates

(French)

France, Paris, 15th century

Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum

Codex: 20.3 x 15.7 x 7 cm (8 x 6 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.)

Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund 1964.40

Location

109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture

Did you know?

King Charles the Noble likely used this book of hours at his royal castle of Olite in Navarra in northern Spain.

Description

Creating a book of hours was an arduous and costly process. These books were made from vellum, animal skins that were laboriously prepared in a multistep process. The texts were written with a quill pen and the illustrations were hand painted using water-based pigments. Gold was added for a look of great luxury. Such a book would take years to create, making these valuable objects unique.

Provenance

Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (1845-1934), Paris, France

Maurice Edmond Karl de Rothschild (1881-1947), Paris, France

Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild (1926-1997), Paris, France

-1964

(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art

1964-

The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh

Citations

Meiss, Millard. “The Exhibition of French Manuscripts of the XIII-XVI Centauries at the Bibliotheque Nationale.” Art Bulletin XXXVIII (September 1956) pp. 194-5

Porcher, Jean. French miniatures from illuminated manuscripts. London: Collins, 1960. pp. 58-9

Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962. 1962. pp. 67-8

Meiss, Millard. “French and Italian Variations on an Early Fifteenth-Century Theme: St. Jerome and his Study.” Gazette des Beaux-Arts LXII (September 1963) pp. 159 & 164

"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1964," The Art Quarterly XXVII (1964) p. 204 & 208

Wixom, William D. "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination. A Catalogue to the Exhibition: March 17-May 17, 1964." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 51, no. 3 (1964). pp. 53-55 www.jstor.org

Wixom, William D. "The Hours of Charles the Noble" Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 52 (March 1965) pp. 50-91 www.jstor.org

Burt Wasserman, "News and Notes" Art Education 18, no. 1 (January 1965) pp. 37-8

Winternitz, Emanuel. "The Hours of Charles the Noble: Musicians and Musical Instruments." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 52, no. 3 (1965). pp. 84-91 www.jstor.org

The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. Reproduced: p. 57, 62 archive.org

Bodleian Library, Otto Pächt, and J. J. G. Alexander. Illuminated Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon P., 1966. p. 50, pl XLIX

Wixom, William D. "The Hours of Charles the Noble." The Burlington Magazine (July 1966) p. 370 & 373

Castelnuovo, Enrico. Il gotico internazionale in Francia e nei Paesi Bassi. Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966. pl. IV

Wixom, William D. Treasures from Medieval France. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 264-265; cat.no. VI-25 archive.org

Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Late Fourteenth Century and the Patronage of the Duke. 1967. pp. 36, 146-147

The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. Reproduced: p. 57, 62 archive.org

Calkins, Robert G. "The Brussels Hours Reevaluated." Scriptorium XXIV (1970) p. 20, Pl. 6A

Hutchinson, G. Evelyn. Aposematic Insects and the Master of the Brussels Initials. [New Haven, Ct.]: [Sigma Xi], 1974.

Hutchinson, Evelyn G. "Aposmatic Insects and the Master of the Brussels Initials" American Scientist 62 (1974) pp. 161-172

Meiss, Millard, Sharon Off Dunlap Smith, and Elizabeth H. Beatson. French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Limbourgs and Their Contemporaries. New York: George Braziller, 1974. pp. 375, 377, 384f, 447, no. 62

The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. Reproduced: p. 68, 71 archive.org

Thomas, Marcel, Ursule Molinaro, Bruce Benderson, and Marcel Thomas. The golden age: manuscript painting at the time of Jean, Duke of Berry. 1979. pp. 50-51

Calkins, Robert G. “An Italian in Paris: The Master of the Brussels Initials and his Participation in the French Book Industry.” Gesta 20 (1981) pp. 225-6

De Winter, Patrick. "Art, Devotion and Satire." The Gamut 2 (Winter 1981) pp. 42-59

Karłowska-Kamzowa, Alicja. Les relations artistiques entre la Pologne, la France, la Flandre et la Basse Rhenanie du XIIIe au XVe siècle. Poznań: UAM, 1981. pp. 29-30 fig. 7c

Calkins, Robert G. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983. p. 279 repr. p. 415

De Winter, Patrick M. "Bolognese Miniatures at the Cleveland Museum," Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXX (June 1983) pp. 338-40, repr. p. 339-344 www.jstor.org

Calkins, Robert G. Programs of Medieval Illumination. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1984. pp. 116 & 118

Winter, Patrick M. de. La bibliothèque de Philippe le Hardi, duc de Bourgogne, (1364-1404): étude sur les manuscrits à peintures d'une collection princière à l'époque du "Style gothique international". Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1985. pp. 100, 108, fig. 265

Cleveland Museum of Art. Images of the Mind. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987. Reproduced: p. 9

Martínez de Aguirre, Javier. Arte y monarquía en Navarra, 1328-1425. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Educación y Cultura, Institución Príncipe de Viana, 1987. p. 313, 340, 341, 379

D'Amico, Rosalba, Renzo Grandi, and Jacques Le Goff. Il Tramonto del Medioevo a Bologna: il cantiere di San Petronio. Bologna: Nuova Alfa, 1987. p. 171

University of Glasgow, and Nigel Thorp. The Glory of the Page: Medieval & Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts from Glasgow University Library. London: Published for Glasgow University Library and the Art Gallery of Ontario by Miller, 1987. p. 132

Gibbs, Robert. "The Brussels Initial Master: From Proto-Renaissance to Northern Renaissance and Back" Apollo (November 1991) pp. 317-321

Smeyers, Maurits, and Bert Cardon. Flanders in a European perspective: manuscript illumination around 1400 in Flanders and abroad : proceedings of the International Colloquium, Leuven, 7-10 September 1993. Leuven: Peeters, 1995. pp. 30, 32, 35, 78-81, & 89

Duffin, Ross W. "Backward Bells and Barrel Bells, Some Notes on the Early History of Loud Instruments" Historic Brass Society Journal 9 (1997) pp. 113-129

Baldissin Molli, Giovanna, Giordana Mariani Canova, and Federica Toniolo. La miniatura a Padova: dal Medioevo al Settecento. [Modena]: Franco Cosimo Panini, 1999. pp. 471-2

Marinelli, Sergio, Angelo Mazza, and Diego Arich de Finetti. La pittura emiliana nel Veneto. [Verona]: Banca popolare di Verona--Banco S. Geminiano e S. Prospero, 1999. pp. 24-5

Châtelet, Albert, and Boucicaut. L'âge d'or du manuscrit à peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et les Heures du Maréchal Boucicaut. Paris: Institut de France, 2000. pp. 43, 96-97

Châtelet, Albert, and Boucicaut. L'âge d'or du manuscrit à peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et les Heures du Maréchal Boucicaut. Paris: Institut de France, 2000.

Natale, Mauro. El Renacimiento mediterráneo: viajes de artistas e itinerarios de obras entre Italia, Francia y España en el siglo XV : Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, del 31 de enero al 6 de mayo de 2001, Valencia Museu de Belles Arts de València, del 18 de mayo al 2 de septiembre de 2001. Madrid: Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2001. pp. 90, 190, 285-287, 620-623

Bango Torviso, Isidro Gonzalo. Maravillas de la España medieval: tesoro sagrado y monarquía. León: Junta de Castilla y León. Caja España, 2001. p. 100

Maginnis, Hayden B. J., and Gabriele Erasmi. The World of the Early Sienese Painter. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001. fig. 57

Bango Torviso, Isidro Gonzalo. Maravillas de la España medieval: tesoro sagrado y monarquía. León: Junta de Castilla y León. Caja España, 2001. p. 100

Musée du Louvre. Paris, 1400: les arts sous Charles VI. [Paris]: Fayard, 2004. p. 274

De Hamel, Christopher. Les Rothschild, collectionneurs de manuscrits. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2004. fig. 4a, 12, 19b

Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007. pp. 212, 216-7

France, James. Medieval Images of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Kalamazoo, Mich: Cistercian Publications, 2007.

Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012. p. 74, fig. 58

Hindman, Sandra, and James H. Marrow. Books of hours reconsidered. 2013. p. 50, footnote 12, p. 194

Alexander, J. J. G. The Painted Book in Renaissance Italy: 1450-1600. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016. Mention: p. 286, no. 13

De Hamel, Christopher. Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts London: Allen Lane with an imprint of Penguin Books. 2016. Mentioned: p. 422

Exhibition history

Manuscripts et Livres Précieux Retrouvés en Allemagne, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, (1949).

Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17-April 19, 1964).

Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).

Treasures of Medieval France. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).

When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).

Images of the Mind. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).

Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).

Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 22-July 19, 2004).

Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).

Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).

The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 6, 2010-April 17, 2011).

Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-October 6, 2019).

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{{cite web|title=Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)|url=https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.40|author=Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates|year=c. 1404|access-date=26 March 2023|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}

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Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)

Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)

Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates

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